Posts in category: Apple

Multilingual knowledge graphs (KGs) provide high-quality relational and textual information for various NLP applications, but they are often incomplete, especially in non-English languages. Previous research has shown that combining information from KGs in different languages aids either Knowledge Graph Completion (KGC), the task of predicting missing relations between entities, or Knowledge Graph Enhancement (KGE), the task of predicting missing textual information for entities. Although previous efforts have considered KGC and KGE as independent tasks, we hypothesize that they are…Apple Machine Learning Research

Fingerprinting codes are a crucial tool for proving lower bounds in differential privacy. They have been used to prove tight lower bounds for several fundamental questions, especially in the “low accuracy” regime. Unlike reconstruction/discrepancy approaches however, they are more suited for proving worst-case lower bounds, for query sets that arise naturally from the fingerprinting codes construction. In this work, we propose a general framework for proving fingerprinting type lower bounds, that allows us to tailor the technique to the geometry of the query set.
Our approach allows us to…Apple Machine Learning Research

User-defined keyword spotting on a resource-constrained edge device is challenging. However, keywords are often bounded by a maximum keyword length, which has been largely under-leveraged in prior works. Our analysis of keyword-length distribution shows that user-defined keyword spotting can be treated as a length-constrained problem, eliminating the need for aggregation over variable text length. This leads to our proposed method for efficient keyword spotting, SLiCK (exploiting Subsequences for Length-Constrained Keyword spotting). We further introduce a subsequence-level matching scheme to…Apple Machine Learning Research

A Private Repetition algorithm takes as input a differentially private algorithm with constant success probability and boosts it to one that succeeds with high probability. These algorithms are closely related to private metaselection algorithms that compete with the best of many private algorithms, and private hyperparameter tuning algorithms that compete with the best hyperparameter settings for a private learning algorithm. Existing algorithms for these tasks pay either a large overhead in privacy cost, or a large overhead in computational cost. In this work, we show strong lower bounds for…Apple Machine Learning Research

We introduce Shape Tokens, a 3D representation that is continuous, compact, and easy to integrate into machine learning models. Shape Tokens serve as conditioning vectors, representing shape information within a 3D flow-matching model. This flow-matching model is trained to approximate probability density functions corresponding to delta functions concentrated on the surfaces of 3D shapes. By incorporating Shape Tokens into various machine learning models, we can generate new shapes, convert images to 3D, align 3D shapes with text and images, and render shapes directly at variable…Apple Machine Learning Research

Accelerating LLM inference is an important ML research problem, as auto-regressive token generation is computationally expensive and relatively slow, and improving inference efficiency can reduce latency for users. In addition to ongoing efforts to accelerate inference on Apple silicon, we have recently made significant progress in accelerating LLM inference for the NVIDIA GPUs widely used for production applications across the industry.
Earlier this year, we published and open sourced Recurrent Drafter (ReDrafter), a novel approach to speculative decoding that achieves state of the art…Apple Machine Learning Research

Teleoperation for robot imitation learning is bottlenecked by hardware availability. Can high-quality robot data be collected without a physical robot? We present a system for augmenting Apple Vision Pro with real-time virtual robot feedback. By providing users with an intuitive understanding of how their actions translate to robot motions, we enable the collection of natural barehanded human data that is compatible with the limitations of physical robot hardware. We conducted a user study with 15 participants demonstrating 3 different tasks each under 3 different feedback conditions and…Apple Machine Learning Research

Information Retrieval (IR) systems used in search and recommendation platforms frequently employ Learning-to-Rank (LTR) models to rank items in response to user queries. These models heavily rely on features derived from user interactions, such as clicks and engagement data. This dependence introduces cold start issues for items lacking user engagement and poses challenges in adapting to non-stationary shifts in user behavior over time. We address both challenges holistically as an online learning problem and propose BayesCNS, a Bayesian approach designed to handle cold start and…Apple Machine Learning Research

*Equal Contributors
Large language models (LLMs) are increasingly being adapted to achieve task-specificity for deployment in real-world decision systems. Several previous works have investigated the bias transfer hypothesis (BTH) by studying the effect of the fine-tuning adaptation strategy on model fairness to find that fairness in pre-trained masked language models have limited effect on the fairness of models when adapted using fine-tuning. In this work, we expand the study of BTH to causal models under prompt adaptations, as prompting is an accessible, and compute-efficient way to deploy…Apple Machine Learning Research

This paper was accepted for presentation at the International Workshop on Federated Foundation Models (FL@FM-NeurIPS’24), held in conjunction with NeurIPS 2024.
Asynchronous protocols have been shown to improve the scalability of federated learning (FL) with a massive number of clients. Meanwhile, momentum-based methods can achieve the best model quality in synchronous FL. However, naively applying momentum in asynchronous FL algorithms leads to slower convergence and degraded model performance. It is still unclear how to effective combinie these two techniques together to achieve a win-win…Apple Machine Learning Research