Streaming keyword spotting is a widely used solution for activating voice assistants. Deep Neural Networks with Hidden Markov Model (DNN-HMM) based methods have proven to be efficient and widely adopted in this space, primarily because of the ability to detect and identify the start and end of the wake-up word at low compute cost. However, such hybrid systems suffer from loss metric mismatch when the DNN and HMM are trained independently. Sequence discriminative training cannot fully mitigate the loss-metric mismatch due to the inherent Markovian style of the operation. We propose an low…Apple Machine Learning Research